Point Group D
4
D
4
E
2C
4
C
2
2C'
2
2C''
2
A
1
1
1
1
1
1
A
2
1
1
1
-1
-1
B
1
1
-1
1
1
-1
B
2
1
-1
1
-1
1
E
2
0
-2
0
0
Additional information
Number of symmetry elements
h = 8
Number of classes, irreps
n = 5
Abelian group
no
Optical Isomerism (Chirality)
yes
Polar
no
Parity
no
Reduce representation to irreducible representations
E
2C
4
C
2
2C'
2
2C''
2
Genrate representation from irreducible representations
A
1
A
2
B
1
B
2
E
Direct products of irreducible representations
Binary products
⊙
A
1
A
2
B
1
B
2
E
A
1
A
1
A
2
A
2
A
1
B
1
B
1
B
2
A
1
B
2
B
2
B
1
A
2
A
1
E
E
E
E
E
A
1
⊕A
2
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
Ternary Products
Quaternary Products
Symmetric powers [Γ
n
] of degenerate irreducible representations
Vibrational overtones
irrep
[Γ
2
]
[Γ
3
]
[Γ
4
]
[Γ
5
]
[Γ
6
]
E
A
1
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
2E
2A
1
⊕A
2
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
3E
2A
1
⊕A
2
⊕2B
1
⊕2B
2
More
Spherical harmonics and Multipoles
Symmetric Powers of Γ
xyz
Spherical Harmonics Y
l
/ Multipole
Symmetric Power [Γ
l
(xyz)]
l
2l+1
Multipole
Symmetry
Rank
[Γ
l
(xyz)]
s (l=0)
1
Monopole
A
1
1
A
1
p (l=1)
3
Dipole
A
2
⊕E
3
A
2
⊕E
d (l=2)
5
Quadrupole
A
1
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
⊕E
6
2A
1
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
⊕E
f (l=3)
7
Octupole
A
2
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
⊕2E
10
2A
2
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
⊕3E
g (l=4)
9
Hexadecapole
2A
1
⊕A
2
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
⊕2E
15
4A
1
⊕A
2
⊕2B
1
⊕2B
2
⊕3E
h (l=5)
11
Dotricontapole
A
1
⊕2A
2
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
⊕3E
21
A
1
⊕4A
2
⊕2B
1
⊕2B
2
⊕6E
i (l=6)
13
Tetrahexacontapole
2A
1
⊕A
2
⊕2B
1
⊕2B
2
⊕3E
28
6A
1
⊕2A
2
⊕4B
1
⊕4B
2
⊕6E
j (l=7)
15
Octacosahectapole
A
1
⊕2A
2
⊕2B
1
⊕2B
2
⊕4E
36
2A
1
⊕6A
2
⊕4B
1
⊕4B
2
⊕10E
k (l=8)
17
256-pole
3A
1
⊕2A
2
⊕2B
1
⊕2B
2
⊕4E
45
9A
1
⊕4A
2
⊕6B
1
⊕6B
2
⊕10E
l (l=9)
19
512-pole
2A
1
⊕3A
2
⊕2B
1
⊕2B
2
⊕5E
55
4A
1
⊕9A
2
⊕6B
1
⊕6B
2
⊕15E
m (l=10)
21
1024-pole
3A
1
⊕2A
2
⊕3B
1
⊕3B
2
⊕5E
66
12A
1
⊕6A
2
⊕9B
1
⊕9B
2
⊕15E
n (l=11)
23
2048-pole
2A
1
⊕3A
2
⊕3B
1
⊕3B
2
⊕6E
78
6A
1
⊕12A
2
⊕9B
1
⊕9B
2
⊕21E
o (l=12)
25
4096-pole
4A
1
⊕3A
2
⊕3B
1
⊕3B
2
⊕6E
91
16A
1
⊕9A
2
⊕12B
1
⊕12B
2
⊕21E
More
First nonvanshing multipole:
Quadrupole
Further Reading
A. Gelessus, W. Thiel, W. Weber. J. Chem. Educ.
72
505 (1995)
Multipoles and symmetry
Ligand Field, d
n
term splitting
Term symbols for electronic configurations d
n
d
n
Term Symbols
d
1
= d
9
2
D
d
2
= d
8
1
S,
1
D,
1
G,
3
P,
3
F
d
3
= d
7
2
P,
2
D (2),
2
F,
2
G,
2
H,
4
P,
4
F
d
4
= d
6
1
S (2),
1
D (2),
1
F,
1
G (2),
1
I,
3
P (2),
3
D,
3
F (2),
3
G,
3
H,
5
D
d
5
2
S,
2
P,
2
D (3),
2
F (2),
2
G (2),
2
H,
2
I,
4
P,
4
D,
4
F,
4
G,
6
S
Term splitting in point group D
4
L
2L+1
Term Splitting
S (L=0)
1
A
1
P (L=1)
3
A
2
⊕E
D (L=2)
5
A
1
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
⊕E
F (L=3)
7
A
2
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
⊕2E
G (L=4)
9
2A
1
⊕A
2
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
⊕2E
H (L=5)
11
A
1
⊕2A
2
⊕B
1
⊕B
2
⊕3E
I (L=6)
13
2A
1
⊕A
2
⊕2B
1
⊕2B
2
⊕3E
Last update November, 13
th
2023 by A. Gelessus,
Impressum
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